Le siècle des Lumières constitue un moment important dans l’émergence de la littérature pour la jeunesse en France. La production destinée aux jeunes lecteurs rassemble alors non seulement des ouvrages initialement rédigés pour ce public, mais aussi des réécritures qui lui sont adressées. Éditions adaptées, abrégés, imitations plus libres : ces réécritures s’attachent à des œuvres fort diverses, des classiques de l’Antiquité aux fictions modernes, en passant par les discours historique et scientifique. Elles forment un genre littéraire qui se consolide au XVIIIe et au début du XIXesiècle, en intégrant plusieurs questions qui sont au cœur de la pensée des Lumières, notamment en matière d’éducation. Le présent ouvrage se propose d’explorer cette production peu étudiée jusqu’à ce jour. Les contributions abordent les multiples facettes du genre, en s’intéressant aux réécritures des œuvres de différents auteurs : Cicéron, Plutarque, La Bruyère, Rousseau, Perrault, Villeneuve, Defoe, Cervantès, Fielding, Newton, Raynal, Buffon. En se penchant sur les enjeux liés à l’apparition de la littérature pour le jeune public, elles jettent un regard original sur la culture écrite des Lumières.  --- The Age of Enlightenment was an important moment in the emergence of children’s literature in France. Literary output for young readers included not only original works, but also rewrites of existing texts to suit this particularly type of audience. Adapted editions, abridgements, texts based loosely on those from which they draw original inspiration: these rewritings are present across a diverse range of works, from the classics of antiquity to modern fiction, through historical and scientific discourse. They form a literary genre that was consolidated in the eighteenth- and early nineteenth-centuries and address various questions at the heart of Enlightenment thought, particularly in terms of education. The present collection takes an orignal look at the writing culture of the Enlightenment by exploring this neglected set of texts for younger audiences. Contributions address the many facets of the genre, focusing on the rewritings of works by different authors, including Cicéron, Plutarque, La Bruyère, Rousseau, Perrault, Villeneuve, Defoe, Cervantès, Fielding, Newton, Raynal, Buffon.

This volume focuses on the effects of natural and introduced toxicants on organs and systems in marine mammals. It includes overview chapters on health status and contaminations with subsequent chapters devoted to whales, pinnipeds (seals), dolphins, polar bears, manatees, and sea otters. The concluding chapter addresses perspectives and issues for the future.
Toxicologists working in marine biology and veterinary medicine, conservation scientists, fisheries scientists, environmental scientists, and wildlife managers will all benefit from this comprehensive resource.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203165578

The activities of modern society have unleashed a range of toxic chemicals into the global environment. Many of these toxicants are now being detected in increasing quantities in the tissues of marine mammals, most notably in top predators who acquire relatively large amounts of toxic chemicals by ingesting contaminated prey. Toxicology of Marine Mammals focuses on the effects of natural and introduced toxicants on organs and systems in marine mammals. It provides overviews on health status and contamination, with subsequent chapters devoted to whales, pinnipeds, dolphins, polar bears, manatees, and sea otters. Internationally renowned researchers assess the mounting evidence for adverse effects on reproduction and the chemically-induced increased susceptibility to death from infectious diseases. The concluding chapter addresses perspectives and issues for the future. This compelling book features research from a vast geographic landscape ranging from the tropics to the Arctic, with case studies on intriguing areas of contamination such as the St. Lawrence River and the Baltic Sea. It identifies the severe threats that environmental contaminants pose to the health and future of marine mammals. It also makes an urgent call for legislation to regulate the incessant pollution ravaging our seas and devastating the marine mammal population worldwide. Toxicologists working in marine biology and veterinary medicine, conservation scientists, fisheries scientists, environmental scientists, and wildlife managers will all benefit from this comprehensive resource.

Investigative Immunotoxicology provides a critical evaluation of proposed experimental animal models and approaches, and discusses the contribution that immunotoxicity can make to the overall assessment of chemical-induced adverse health effects on humans and the ecosystem. Following a review of general concepts in immunotoxicology, the book discusses emerging methodologies at the cellular and molecular levels, and describes advances in and requirements for animal model development in testing the allergenicity of foods and genetically modified products. It presents animal models of autoimmunity associated with chemical exposure, includes recommendations for the selection of sentinel species in ecotoxicology, and presents an in-depth review of immunotoxicology as it relates to a variety of wildlife species. Finally, the book explains the role of immunotoxicology in human health risk assessment and the regulatory process. Outlining the potential chemical hazards facing human and ecosystem health, this is a valuable reference for professionals and researchers in immunotoxicology and risk assessment. It also deserves the attention of the pharmaceutical industry and environmental toxicologists who are concerned about the effects of xenobiotics on ecosystems.

The study of English word stress: New perspectives on its history, current state and issues Explores a range of approaches and topics including the Guierrian School of phonology, the relevance of orthography in English phonology, stress placement in English verbs and the diversity of Englishes Examines word stress in English and the diversity of Englishes with discussion of Australian and Singaporean English Brings together contributors from France, Japan and the US Includes over 60 tables and figures to clearly demonstrate key concepts, data and ideas New Perspectives on English Word Stress explores the mechanism of word stress assignment in contemporary English from different methodological and theoretical perspectives. Comprising nine chapters, these approaches include a historical overview of the study of stress; the relationship between historic changes in stress and meaning; the relationship between spelling and stress; syllable weight and stress; the theoretical treatment of exceptions; stress mechanisms in Australian English; and stress in Singapore English. The book presents new data and provides the reader with access to various approaches to English word stress in phonology.

Investigative Immunotoxicology provides a critical evaluation of proposed experimental animal models and approaches, and discusses the contribution that immunotoxicity can make to the overall assessment of chemical-induced adverse health effects on humans and the ecosystem. Following a review of general concepts in immunotoxicology, the book discusses emerging methodologies at the cellular and molecular levels, and describes advances in and requirements for animal model development in testing the allergenicity of foods and genetically modified products. It presents animal models of autoimmunity associated with chemical exposure, includes recommendations for the selection of sentinel species in ecotoxicology, and presents an in-depth review of immunotoxicology as it relates to a variety of wildlife species. Finally, the book explains the role of immunotoxicology in human health risk assessment and the regulatory process. Outlining the potential chemical hazards facing human and ecosystem health, this is a valuable reference for professionals and researchers in immunotoxicology and risk assessment. It also deserves the attention of the pharmaceutical industry and environmental toxicologists who are concerned about the effects of xenobiotics on ecosystems.

Chemical pesticides and bioinsecticide alone or there mixture, are immunotoxic to earthworm, fish, and mice. The study consisted of three parts: A- the development of a new ultrasound protocol for extrusion of coelomocytes from the earthworm, B- comparative cellular responses of earthworm coelomocytes, of different ages and from different worm species, exposed in vitro to the tested pesticides; C- evaluation of the immunotoxicity of the mixture of the tested pesticides on three animal models (earthworm, Eisenia fetida; trout fish, and inbred female C57BI/6 mice, From an immunological point of view, the chemical pesticides mixture, at the tested levels may not pose a grater risk to the immune system in fish and mic